ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ—ꯇꯤ.ꯗꯕ꯭ꯜꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ

ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ: ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫

꯱.ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔ꯫

ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ t≤150°C ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ t≤60°C ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ,ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔꯅꯥ ꯐꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ꯫, ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ, ꯴.rꯎꯕꯔ ꯐꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯕꯇꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯥꯏ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ꯫, rꯎꯕꯔ ꯁꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯣꯏꯪ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ꯫ (ꯆꯦꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ꯫), ꯄꯤꯟꯆ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ PN≤1MPa ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ꯫

꯲.ꯅꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫

ꯅꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁꯟ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯅꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ t≤90°C ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ PN≤32MPa ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

꯳.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ

ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ,ꯒꯦꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫, ꯕꯣꯜ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ t≤232°C ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ PN≤6.4MPa ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫

꯴.ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ꯒꯦꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ t≤100°C, ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ PN≤1.6MPa, ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ, ꯄ꯭ꯂꯒ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ, ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫

꯵.ꯕꯥꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ꯫

ꯕꯦꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ t-70~150°C ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ PN≤2.5MPa ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯃꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

꯶.ꯀꯄꯥꯔ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ꯫

ꯀꯣꯄꯥꯔ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯶-꯶-꯳ ꯇꯤꯟ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯵꯸-꯲-꯲ ꯃꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯅꯤꯖ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯣꯄꯥꯔ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ t≤200°C ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ PN≤1.6MPa ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯏꯟ...ꯒꯦꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫, ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ, ꯴.ꯆꯦꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ꯫, ꯄ꯭ꯂꯒ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫

꯷.ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯂꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯤꯌꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯂꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯲ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯥꯔ.꯱꯳ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯳ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯥꯔ.꯱꯳ꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯔ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ t≤450°C ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ PN≤32MPa ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯠꯔꯣꯂꯤꯌꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

꯸.ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯅꯤꯀꯜ-ꯇꯥꯏꯇꯥꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯂꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯅꯤꯀꯜ-ꯇꯥꯏꯇꯥꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯂꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱Cr18Ni9tiꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ, ꯏꯔꯣꯁꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ t≤600°C ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ PN≤6.4MPa ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯝ, ꯅꯥꯏꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ, ꯕꯣꯜ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ, ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

꯹.ꯅꯥꯏꯠꯔꯥꯏꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ꯫

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯠꯔꯥꯏꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯳꯸CrMoAlAꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯦꯆ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ t≤540°C ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ PN≤10MPa ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

꯱꯰.ꯕꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯕꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯕꯣꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯕꯣꯗꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯗꯥꯎꯟ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫