꯱.ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯇꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯋꯦꯕꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯐꯦꯔꯤꯀꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯄꯁꯣꯏꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯝꯞꯂꯤꯠꯌꯨꯗꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯣꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
2. ꯔꯤꯠꯔꯦꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯨꯖ ꯍꯣꯜ꯫
ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯒꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯂꯣ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯃꯦꯇꯂꯅꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯚꯣꯚꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯀꯦꯖ ꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯚꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯂꯨꯖ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯀꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯦꯖ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ, ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯠ ꯕꯣꯗꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯒꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯀꯦꯖ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯂꯒꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯀꯦꯖ ꯍꯣꯜ (residual Shrinkage hole, residual Shrinkage pipe) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫
꯳.ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯞ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯒ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯃꯦꯂꯇꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯒ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯔꯅꯤꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯃꯦꯇꯂꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯒꯣꯠꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯒ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝꯐꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯒ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯖꯗꯦ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
꯴.ꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯃꯦꯜꯇꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ, ꯁꯂꯐꯥꯏꯗ, ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ) -ꯅꯟ-ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯤꯛ ꯏꯅꯛꯂꯨꯖꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯛꯂꯨꯖꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ, ꯍꯥꯏ ꯃꯦꯜꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ-ꯇꯨꯡꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟ, ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯕꯗꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫
꯵.ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯦꯁꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯜꯇꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫ ꯁꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯔꯦꯟꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫
꯶.ꯀꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤꯒꯥꯁꯨ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯂꯐꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯂꯅꯦꯁ, ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯔꯁ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ)꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯗꯂꯗꯥ, ꯁꯥꯐꯝ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯕꯤꯂꯦꯠ ꯐꯣꯔꯖꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯖꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯖꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯅꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯨ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯀꯣꯡ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ...ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯋꯦꯐꯔ ꯕꯇꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯥꯏ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ꯫, ꯂꯒ ꯕꯇꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯥꯏ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ, ꯗꯕꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯡꯖ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯕꯇꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯥꯏ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ, ꯗꯕꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯡꯖ꯫ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯕꯇꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯥꯏ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ꯫, ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ, ꯴.ꯋꯦꯐꯔ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ꯫, ꯋꯥꯏ-ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯅꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯅꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯨ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯀꯣꯡ, ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯇꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯆꯩ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ: ꯖꯨꯟ-꯱꯴-꯲꯰꯲꯴꯫
